Government Spending

The Fiscal Costs of Debt-Financed Government Spending is a new study that finds debt-financed government spending has real economic costs, even when interest rates are very low, including slower economic growth, lower private sector incomes, and spending cuts and/or tax increases by government to stabilize debt levels.

The Accumulated Debt and Economic Performance of Industrialized Countries during COVID finds that Canada had the second-highest increase in gross debt (as a share of the economy) out of 33 countries from 2019 to 2021 while actually underperforming economically compared to most of the same countries.